1. Electric Charges and Fields

• Electric Charge:
  • Types of charges: Positive and Negative
  • Coulomb’s Law: Force between two charges
  • Units of charge (Coulomb)
• Electric Field:
  • Definition and properties of electric field
  • Electric field due to a point charge
  • Electric field lines and their properties
  • Electric potential and potential energy
• Gauss’s Law:
  • Statement and application of Gauss’s law
  • Gauss’s law for a spherical charge distribution

2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

• Electrostatic Potential:
  • Potential due to a point charge
  • Relation between electric field and potential
• Capacitance:
  • Definition of capacitance
  • Parallel plate capacitor: derivation of capacitance formula
  • Energy stored in a capacitor
  • Combination of capacitors in series and parallel
• Dielectrics:
  • Dielectric constant and its significance
  • Effect of dielectric on capacitance

3. Current Electricity

• Electric Current:
  • Definition and SI units (Ampere)
  • Concept of drift velocity and mobility
• Ohm’s Law:
  • Statement and applications of Ohm’s law
  • Resistance, resistivity, and conductivity
  • Factors affecting resistance
• Resistivity and Conductivity:
  • Relation between resistance, resistivity, and temperature
• Electric Power and Energy:
  • Power dissipated in a resistor (P = I²R)
  • Energy consumption in electric circuits
• Combination of Resistors:
  • Series and parallel combinations of resistors and their equivalent resistance

4. Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

• Magnetic Field:
  • Magnetic field lines and properties
  • Magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor
• Ampere’s Law:
  • Statement and applications of Ampere’s law
• Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge:
  • Force on a charge moving in a magnetic field (Lorentz force)
• Magnetic Moment:
  • Magnetic moment of a current loop
  • Magnetic field due to a solenoid
• Electromagnetic Induction:
  • Faraday’s Law of induction
  • Lenz’s Law and its applications (electric generator)

5. Electromagnetic Waves

• Nature and Properties of Electromagnetic Waves:
  • Characteristics of electromagnetic waves
  • Electromagnetic spectrum: Range of frequencies
• Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves:
  • Speed of light and its relationship with electric and magnetic fields

6. Electronics

• Semiconductors:
  • Types of semiconductors: Intrinsic and Extrinsic
  • Doping and formation of n-type and p-type semiconductors
  • Energy bands in semiconductors
• Diodes:
  • P-N junction diode: Structure and working
  • Forward and reverse bias of a diode
  • Applications of diodes (Rectifiers, Zener diode as voltage regulator)
• Transistors:
  • Types of transistors: NPN and PNP
  • Working of transistors in common emitter configuration
  • Transistor as an amplifier and switch
• Logic Gates:
  • Basic logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR
  • Boolean algebra and truth tables for logic gates
  • Applications of logic gates in digital circuits

7. Electrical Instruments

• Ammeter and Voltmeter:
  • Working principle of ammeter and voltmeter
  • Measurement of current and voltage in a circuit
• Wattmeter:
  • Working of a wattmeter and its uses in measuring power
• Galvanometer:
  • Principle and construction of a galvanometer
  • Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter and voltmeter

8. Alternating Current (AC)

• AC Circuits:
  • Sinusoidal waveform of AC
  • Peak, RMS values, and their relation
  • Average value of AC
• Reactance and Impedance:
  • Inductive and capacitive reactance
  • Impedance in an RLC circuit
• Power in AC Circuits:
  • Power factor and its significance
  • Active, reactive, and apparent power

9. Communication Systems

• Basic Principles:
  • Analog and Digital Communication
  • Modulation: Amplitude modulation (AM), Frequency modulation (FM)
• Communication Components:
  • Transmitters, receivers, and antennas
  • Signal transmission through various media